{"id":1879,"date":"2023-05-15T20:39:29","date_gmt":"2023-05-15T13:39:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/18.140.246.4\/?post_type=di-san&p=1879"},"modified":"2024-03-20T14:57:36","modified_gmt":"2024-03-20T07:57:36","slug":"cac-van-ban-cham-co","status":"publish","type":"bo-suu-tap","link":"https:\/\/disanketnoi.vn\/eng\/bo-suu-tap\/cac-van-ban-cham-co\/","title":{"rendered":"Ancient Cham texts"},"content":{"rendered":"

A culture, a dynasty, a community, no matter how hard it tries to build, cultivate, conquer, will have nothing to preserve, to pass on, to reflect on if there is no writing. The first traces of ancient Cham script Aha ...<\/em> can be seen on the Vo Canh stele (circa 2nd century) \u2013 found in what is now Vinh Trung commune, Dien Khanh district, Khanh Hoa province. This type of writing originated from the alphabet Devanagari<\/em> of India, used to carve Sanskrit scriptures. By the 4th century, Champa began to use ancient Cham script to write ancient Cham. After the 15th century, the Cham script that was carved on stone steles was transformed into traditional Cham script. Akhar Thrah<\/em>, and since the 17th century until now, Akhar Thrah<\/em> became the official and widely used script in Cham society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Language and writing are both the foundation and the driving force for the development of literature. Among the Cham people, there exists a written literature that is both diverse in genre and massive in content. Stele inscriptions, epic poems, worldly poems, philosophical poems, poems that instruct people, even how to calculate the calendar. Sakawi<\/em> There are also poems dedicated to it. The Cham people sing epics when they wake up, recite poems on quiet moonlit nights, praise the gods in their rituals, chant sacred scriptures to purify their land and houses, or pray for their reincarnation. But it was only in the early 20th century that this treasure began to be collected, translated, and published again. Thanks to people of the previous generation like G. Moussay and Thien Sanh Canh, or today like Inrasara, the Cham people and even modern Vietnamese people have the opportunity to reflect on the thinking of the ancient Cham people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Cham people value letters, respect letters to the point of worshiping letters, believing that letters hold the soul. Expressions, idioms, and myths surrounding Cham letters appear in a myriad of forms. The documents surrounding these ancient Cham texts also take many different forms, opening up many different approaches \u2013 not only reading, but also singing, telling, and interpreting. Letters are not only on paper, but are also spoken, heard, and lived. At the heart of stories about letters are stories about people learning letters, preserving letters, and passing them on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All information posted in the Connecting Heritage Digital Collection is contributed by the community and is for reference only. The Program is not responsible for any differences from the information stated in the Digital Collection and disclaims any liability arising from the use of information from this Collection. For more information, please visit\u00a0Community Rules<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Long poem Ariya <\/em>good Ariya <\/em>epic<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ariya<\/em><\/strong> <\/em>has the meanings of poetry, such as sa kadha ariya<\/em> is a poem, a poetic form, like Cwak Twei Ariya<\/em> is done in the form of poetry and epic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ariya Cam \u2013 Bini <\/em><\/strong>\u2013 Lyrical epic<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cham epic poems have genres such as lyric, world affairs, philosophy, and family advice. In the lyric genre, Ariya Cam \u2013 Bini<\/em> very famous, widely recited and has been adapted for stage performance. The epic poem consists of 118 six-eight verses written in the late 19th century. There are some Vietnamese words borrowed in the poem such as in progress<\/em> To be <\/em>worth, ruw<\/em> is sad, village<\/em> is village, clean<\/em> is worry, etc... proving that there was coexistence between the two peoples as well as Vietnamese language exchange. \u2013 <\/em>Cham. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ariya Glen Anak \u2013 <\/em><\/strong>Predicting the future <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The epic poem records events that occurred in Cham society, referring to the period when the Cham and Vietnamese communities began to live together. Ariya Glen Anak<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

is roughly translated as Looking to the Future. Glen<\/em> good glen<\/em> has two meanings: to see or to divine. The first sentence of the epic poem: \u201cGlong anak, linhaiy likuk jang o hu\u201d<\/em>, roughly translated as "Look forward, look back and see no one"<\/em>, speaks of the loneliness of contemporary Cham intellectuals. Ariya<\/em> This message encourages the community to look to the past to find a path for the present and future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ariya Sakawi \u2013 <\/em><\/strong>Cham calendar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Calendar Sakawi<\/em> is a time reference system that influences every decision in the life and rituals of the Cham people. Content Ariya<\/em> Explaining how to calculate the calendar to harmonize between the Cham Bani and Cham Brahmin communities is the key point in organizing major holidays such as Kate<\/em> and Ramuwan<\/em>. Ariya Sakawi<\/em> is how Cham knowledge was shared and preserved through literature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ariya Pataow added kamei <\/em><\/strong>\u2013 Poetry of female advice<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emphasize appropriate skills and behaviors, Ariya Pataow added kamei<\/em> prepare girls with knowledge to enter life. The Cham follow a matriarchal system, so the role of women in the family and society is emphasized, and they are considered the holders of land wealth. Cham men, if they do not have a wife or if their wife unfortunately dies early, may encounter difficulties in their social position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ariya Pataow like this <\/em><\/strong>\u2013 Poetry of advice for men<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Content Ariya<\/em> Highlighting the role of language and knowledge in the lives of Cham men. Using easy-to-remember verses, the poem guides listeners to an active life in social activities and using knowledge to help others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Good long poem <\/em>epic Ariya <\/em>Selected and introduced by Mr. Thap Hong Luyen, an officer of the Ninh Thuan Cham Cultural Research Center. The artists sing and chant. Ariya<\/em> and share more about the practice story Ariya<\/em> In Cham villages, there were Uncle Dat Xot, from Bau Truc village, Phuoc Dan town, Ninh Phuoc district, Ninh Thuan province; Kieu Tan Lang, Ba Trung Ky, and Mr. Maduen <\/em>(teacher clapping) Kieu Thanh Nhan, from Van Lam village, Phuoc Nam commune, Ninh Phuoc district, Ninh Thuan province. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akayet<\/em><\/strong> Dewa Muno <\/em>\u2013 Epic<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Literature has a few lines like Akayet<\/em>, Ariya<\/em> epic, Ariya Patauw Adat<\/em> family advice songs, worldly poems, philosophical poems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akayet<\/em> translated as heroic song or epic. Epic is a major literary genre of Cham. Although most of the works were borrowed from outside, Cham poets knew how to transform them to suit their historical and social reality. Through the Akayet<\/em> this, poetry Ariya<\/em> Cham six-eight verse developed completely and exists to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the three great epics of Cham are Akayet Inra Patra<\/em>, Akayet Um Murup<\/em>, Akayet Dewa Muno<\/em> then Akayet Dewa Muno<\/em> occupies the most important position. Important not only in its scale and length but also in that it is a poetic work, perhaps the oldest, of high literary value, and at the same time has profound humanity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akayet Dewa Muno<\/em> was widely spread among the masses. The Cham people are proud of it, considering it as the Tale of Kieu of the Cham people. And like the Vietnamese with the Tale of Kieu, the Cham people are passionate about it. Dewa Muno<\/em>, speak Dewa Muno<\/em>, read Dewa Muno<\/em>, analysis Dewa Muno<\/em> and soak Dewa Muno<\/em> with a distinctive voice Dewa Muno<\/em>. This is not a creation of mortals but a gift from the gods, the Cham people thought.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akayet<\/em> Dewa Muno <\/em>There are 471 verses. Ariya<\/em>, appeared in Champa in the 16th century. The story is recorded as having a relationship with Hikayat Dewa Mandu<\/em> of Malaysia. This is a composition of the motif of a warrior representing the good side, after overcoming many obstacles, with his talent and virtue, he defeated the forces representing the evil side, bringing peace to the country and happiness to the people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Epic Akayet<\/em> was selected and introduced by Mr. Han Thanh Ha, a resident of Hieu Le village, Phuoc Hau commune, Ninh Phuoc district, Ninh Thuan province. He sang and recited stories about Akayet<\/em> is a Han Mong shaman, also from Hieu Le village. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agal Balih<\/em> - Terrible <\/em>clean<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agal<\/em> Literally means palm leaves. Because the Cham scriptures were written on palm leaves, the word Agal<\/em> commonly understood as sutra. Agal<\/em> It has been around for 250 years and has been copied many times since. Agal<\/em> written in Akhar thrah<\/em> Ancient Cham script not standardized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Leaf Agal<\/em> quite small, little space, the scribe had to write in abbreviations so the words were very difficult to read. Furthermore, Agal<\/em> handwritten with many different types of pens, combined with the psychology of hiding the words, the scribe wrote in a font that only he and his students could read. Finally, there was a situation of copying and misprinting, causing many discrepancies between the texts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agal Bac Balih<\/em> consists of 512 letters, considered to be Calorie<\/em> means the spell has only level Paxeh<\/em> The purification sutra is recited during the purification ceremony at the stupa. Kut<\/em>, villages and houses. Since the great upheaval in Cham society, due to the Paxeh<\/em> In the absence of a priest, this sutra was partially passed on to the other side. Gru Urang<\/em>, meaning shaman, used in unimportant purification ceremonies.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agal Balih <\/em>was selected and introduced by Deputy Monk Luu Thanh Sanh, from Phuoc Thai commune, Ninh Phuoc district, Ninh Thuan province. As a Cham dignitary, Deputy Monk Luu Thanh Sanh was invited by the people to recite sutras at family funerals, and at large and small local ceremonies.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Explore the ancient culture of the Cham people through traces of language and poetry from ancient times. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2752,"parent":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","vi-tri":[77],"tags-di-san":[],"hinh-thuc":[11,9,12,10],"loai-hinh":[14,13],"vi-tri-dia-ly":[17],"bo-suu-tap-di-san":[22],"class_list":["post-1879","bo-suu-tap","type-bo-suu-tap","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","vi-tri-ninh-thuan","hinh-thuc-audio","hinh-thuc-hinh-anh","hinh-thuc-van-ban","hinh-thuc-video","loai-hinh-phi-vat-the","loai-hinh-vat-the","vi-tri-dia-ly-nam-trung-bo","bo-suu-tap-di-san-di-san-cham-ninh-thuan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/disanketnoi.vn\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bo-suu-tap\/1879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/disanketnoi.vn\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bo-suu-tap"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/disanketnoi.vn\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/bo-suu-tap"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disanketnoi.vn\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disanketnoi.vn\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1879"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/disanketnoi.vn\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bo-suu-tap\/1879\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disanketnoi.vn\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2752"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/disanketnoi.vn\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"vi-tri","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disanketnoi.vn\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vi-tri?post=1879"},{"taxonomy":"tags-di-san","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disanketnoi.vn\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags-di-san?post=1879"},{"taxonomy":"hinh-thuc","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disanketnoi.vn\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hinh-thuc?post=1879"},{"taxonomy":"loai-hinh","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disanketnoi.vn\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/loai-hinh?post=1879"},{"taxonomy":"vi-tri-dia-ly","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disanketnoi.vn\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vi-tri-dia-ly?post=1879"},{"taxonomy":"bo-suu-tap-di-san","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/disanketnoi.vn\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bo-suu-tap-di-san?post=1879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}